The history of the discovery and use of the elements began with primitive human societies that discovered native minerals like carbon, sulfur, copper and gold (though the concept of a chemical element was not yet understood). Air is primarily a mixture of the elements nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, though it does contain compounds including carbon dioxide and water. Nearly all other naturally occurring elements occur in the Earth as compounds or mixtures. ![]() Only a minority of elements, such as silver and gold, are found uncombined as relatively pure native element minerals. When different elements undergo chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged into new compounds held together by chemical bonds. This is in contrast to chemical compounds and mixtures.Īlmost all of the baryonic matter of the universe is composed of chemical elements (among rare exceptions are neutron stars). ![]() The basic particle that constitutes a chemical element is the atom, and chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons in the nuclei of their atoms. The chemical elements ordered in the periodic tableĪ chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances.
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